If a student displays low self-esteem due to their performance, they may be influenced by which form of motivation?

The correct answer relates to the concept of extrinsic motivation, which encompasses external factors that can influence a student's behavior and attitude regarding their performance. A student with low self-esteem may be particularly sensitive to external influences, seeking validation or approval from others, such as teachers, peers, or parents. Their motivation to improve may come from a desire to gain praise, rewards, or grades rather than a personal fulfillment in the subject matter.

Extrinsic motivation can sometimes lead to effort in order to seek out recognition or avoid criticism, especially if the student feels inadequate in their abilities. This can create a cycle where the student's self-esteem fluctuates based on their performance, as they rely heavily on external validation rather than internal satisfaction. By focusing on extrinsic factors, the student’s ability to build intrinsic motivation—where they find personal meaning and satisfaction in their learning—might be hindered.

Understanding this form of motivation allows educators to better support students by fostering environments that also promote intrinsic motivation and build self-esteem, helping to shift focus from external validation to personal achievement and growth.